The Almost White Boy Analysis - 755 Words

In Elie Wiesel’s Night and Richard Motley’s â€Å"The Almost White Boy†, the authors both reveal that hatred for others exists because one is taught to hate. The two narratives are similar because people were discouraged and unwelcomed based on the race they are. Each piece is unique because in the narrative Night, you are punished for who you are; even if you are a citizen to the country you live in. Throughout the narrative, the Holocaust is taking place, tons of jews are being killed or worked like animals. The powerful leader known as Adolf Hitler was responsible for the traumatic event that took place from 1933 to 1945. However in the narrative â€Å"The Almost White Boy† if your race is hated, you are unwelcomed and treated as if you are†¦show more content†¦Schachter could see what the Germans were going to do to the Jews. The Germans were taught to hate the Jews, no matter the age. Additionally, Wiesel uses a simile when he writes, â€Å" He looked at us over as if we were a pack of leprous dogs hanging onto our lives.† (pg. 38) The author clearly shows a simile because the Germans were comparing the Jews to dogs. This proves the theme because the Jews weren’t being looked at as humans but, as animals. The Jews aren’t hated for their personalities on the inside, they are hated for what they look like on the outside. When writing â€Å"The Almost White Boy†, Motley was influenced by the history of people hating others because of the race they are. These experiences affect Motley’s perspective because during the Civil Rights Movement, public facilities were being segregated by race and appearance. By contrast, Wiesel was affected in the matter that he was in concentration camps. Elie Wiesel was 15 when he was taken by the Hungarian police and deported. This affects his perspective because he had a much more dangerous situation then â€Å"The Almost White Boy† scenario. With Wie sel’s perspective, it shows that he takes racism very seriously even if it’s not as big as the Holocaust. Also with first hand knowledge, it gives us a better chance of knowing the sacrifices they had to make to stay alive rather than in â€Å"The Almost White Boy† they are just called names and looked at differently. Each of these textsShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Analysis1104 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† I’m writing an analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison. It is told from the first person point of view. This is a story about a young African American named Ralph Ellison, who is trying to be accepted by white society. He is offered the opportunity to read his speech he had written for his graduation at a gathering of the town’s leading white citizens (p.286). Ralph Ellison is told that he should partake in the Battle Royal before giving his speechRead MoreJob Analysis : The Saa Or Southwest Analytics And Aerospace1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe SAA or Southwest Analytics and Aerospace has been faced with a few major problems within their company. A job analysis is important to conduct with the problems facing SAA. A job analysis is a detailed examination of performance elements within a company, which enables us to narrow down problems and helps it grow as a whole and move forward. After reviewing all of the problems presented I have narrowed i t down to key ones. The first that they are faced with would be that SAA relies on primitiveRead MoreDude, YouRe a Fag Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesHigh school, the best years of your life with everyday shaping and molding you from a feminine boy to becoming a respectable masculine adult, in truth its surviving everyday without being called a fag. In C.J. Pascoe’s ethnography she examines the dynamics of masculinity carefully exploring gender conformity that’s extracted from a collection of humiliations, fears and anxieties among high school boys. Within the eighteen months that Pascoe tediously studied the students of River High, she openedRead More The Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pageskilled between 1882 and 1930 in ten southern states. Although mobs murdered almost 300 white men and women, the vast majority of almost 2,500 lynching victims were African-American. Of these black victims, 94 percent died in the hands of white lynch mobs. The scale of this carnage means that, on the average, a black man, woman, or child was murdered nearly once a week, every week, between 1882 and 1930 by a hate-driven white mob. (Braziel 1) On top of lynching, African American’s had to dealRead More Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmany think of racism today, the issue of blacks and whites is the first to come to mind. African Americans have come a long way in today’s society as compared to the society their ancestors had to overcome. But just as far as we have come, there is still a long way we must go. Harper Lee, author of To Kill A Mockingbird, clearly depicts racism and what it was like in the nineteen-thirties through the trial of Tom Robinson and the only white man that supports him, Atticus Finch. The whole townRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Ralph Ellisons The Black Ball1076 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary analysis of Ralph Ellisons short story The Black Ball In the short story The Black Ball by Ralph Ellison, a father named John is desperately trying to hold onto his job as a hotel porter to support his child and initially ignores the entreaties of an eager white man who would like John to join a union. Ellison uses the symbolism of a childs toy to indicate the psychologically and economically constrained world of African-Americans. Despite his apparent intelligence, John has no hopesRead MoreOutcast United By Warren St. John1323 Words   |  6 Pageszone of what he was used to selling, and accommodate the diverse culture that was growing around him. When the refugees move to America, they experience diversity too. For example, when the Fugees are playing an all white team and one of the players starts to Luma â€Å"They are all white†. (210) Outcasts United presents another Bethel value through the novel, and that is integrity. Which described by Bethel, is defined as being accountable and honest. Luma instills the importance of accountability intoRead MoreAnalysis About the Phenomenon of Racial and Gender Discrimination1005 Words   |  5 Pagesdeficit platform of andlaquo; lack of awareness and andlaquo; individual behavior modification-but rather from the asset belief in an existing - if sometimes hidden - ecological knowledge of the need for a deeper sociopolitical, race, and gender analysis of environmental problems, and the power and potential of democratic participation and collective action. Authors from Canada, the Philippines, Kenya, India, Mexico, Fiji, Australia, Sudan, and the United States examine areas such as racism and theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Bradbury s Something Wicked This Way Comes Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesLit Analysis Essay For countless generations, a single aspect of life has been the center of major controversy and dispute among many and may never eventually be settled. The question remains: good or evil? This one inquiry has led to a variety of religions and cultures, as well as a great divide among the entire human civilization. However, in many circumstances which are shown in many novels and movies, good always conquers. In Something Wicked This Way Comes, Bradbury proposes the idea that goodRead MoreRacial Oppression Of African Americans931 Words   |  4 Pages(Berg 5). Published in 1947, Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal† illustrates this struggle as the author writes about a narration of a young black man who struggled with the aim of getting ahead in a society that was for the most part dominated by the white. Specifically, the author uses the protagonist’s characterization and setting to create insight into the racial tension of the Deep South during segregation. The story is set in the Deep South, during the 1940s, to help illustrate how racial discrimination

Behavioral Health Psychology Today ( Online ) Master Of...

What is behavioral healthcare? In Psychology Today (online) Master of Public Health Elana Premack Sandler observes that behavioral health is promoting the well-being of clients â€Å"by preventing or intervening in mental illness†, substance abuse, as well as it focuses on decreasing the stigma that surrounds the term mental health (2009). Behavioral health includes: finding what works best for a patient, include that patient in the plan of care, and be attentive in improving the behavior that is causing issues or habits. Hippocrates was one of the first to treated people with mental illnesses aside from religious beliefs or the stigmata of sorcery (Unite for Sight, n.d.). Behavioral health professionals and services have come a long way from the time of Hippocrates. Dr. Evans has stated, â€Å"Twenty years ago, providers were paid on a fee-for-services basis; no one ever asked if the patient got better† (Clay, 2011). This has changed and care is more â€Å"recovery-focused patient care† with evidence based studies for behavioral changes and to be more patient friendly. There is more to behavioral health services than just psychologist and psychiatrist. Often it starts with a primary care physician that makes a referral to a behavioral health professional. Behavioral health can also be forms of counseling from social workers, pastoral counselors, clinical social workers, peer specialists, psychiatric pharmacists, and psychiatric nurses (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2016).Show MoreRelatedHistory and Evolution of the Mental Health Counseling Profession3503 Words   |  14 PagesRunning Head: AN ASSESSMENT IN EARNEST Mental Health Counseling Profession Name of Student School History and Evolution By the end of World War II, various non-medical, behavioral and cognitive approaches to psychotherapy surfaced, the growth of some being the impact of the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 (Pistole, 2002). The Fund provided funding for the development of community-based mental health care programs with interdisciplinary teams (Weikel Palmo, 1989 as qtd in Pistole)Read MoreEssay about Overcoming Procrastination is Not an Easy Task1333 Words   |  6 Pagesaccording to the degree of the behavior (qtd. in Sweitzer 11). 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Some procrastinators are not born but pick up the behavior from family membersRead MoreA Descriptive S tudy of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words   |  70 PagesEstablishing a Music Therapy Practice Goals of Music Therapy Selected Music Therapy Techniques Use of Music in a Music Therapy Session 30 30 32 35 38 CHAPTER IV Traditional Chinese Beliefs and Attitudes toward Disabilities Professional Status Local Health Care System 41 41 44 47 CHAPTER V Summary Conclusion Recommendations 53 53 55 56 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B BIBLIOGRAPHY 58 60 77 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: ORGIN OF MUSIC THERAPY Music is an art deeply rooted in human nature.Read MoreMixed Methods8561 Words   |  35 Pagesresearch, research design 2 INTRODUCTION There is relatively less research, literature and commentary on the utilisation of mixed method research designs in applied business than there is in the fields of the social and behavioural sciences, health and education where mixed method research have gained acceptance and has been used extensively. 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Extra information about Belgium includes Word documents containing information about Belgian ADHD support groups and Alzheimer s disease support groups, additional to this PDF files include information about patients with Mental Health problems in Belgium. These .pfd files are taken from Belgian federal statistics website. Unfortunately, not much information was not found about Luxembourg. The main reason of this is that information was not available. Available information includesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreComputer Game Addiction Researches6657 Words   |  27 Pagesgrowth appears to offer a bright future for the electronic games industry. Computer game is arising and it is one of the things that br ing negative effect. 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Management Information Systems In Improving Business Communications

Questions: 1. What is systems thinking and how can management information systems enable and (possibly) improve business communications?2. Define Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. What kind of business data did business managers collect and use for each?3. Why are competitive advantages temporary?4. What are Porters three generic strategies and how can a company add value by using Porters chain analysis?5. Define and Porters Five Forces model and explain each of the forces. Then, create a Porters Five Force analysis for one of the following products: desktop computer, telephone, or walkman.6. Imagine your new CEO wants to reorganize the AAA Management Company so it is more efficient and effective. Look at the model below and analyze the CEOs reorganization plan. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the structure he proposed, and then reorganize the structure so it provides optimal benefits to operations of the company. AAA Management's New Organizational Structure CIO CEO CTO CPO Vice Presidents CSO CKO Managers Analysts Answers: 1. Systems thinking and role of management information systems in improving business communications System thinking is considered as the holistic approach in analysis that focuses over the ways, which is constituent of the system to interrelate and how these systems actually work over the period of time and in the context of huge system. MIS study the technology, people, companies and relationships (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). It supports the companies in realizing the maximum advantages from the investment in the business process, personnel, and equipment. MIS also help in every operational level for collecting, processing and storing the data, and also help in managing the needs of customers and staff. 2. Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 and business data collected by business managers in using it Globalization 1.0 started in 1492 and ended in 1800. In this era, firms were dominated by white man, such as countries and governments. Sample data of this era was related to politicians, and business owners demand about the products of specific area. Globalization 2.0 started in 1800 and ended in 2000, and this era was about multinational firms. Data of this era includes product demand, raw material, and demand of labor in the product manufacturing. Globalization 3.0 started in 2000 and is lasting today. This era is of internet, and we are part of this era, which focuses on international economy, customers service and systems for gathering data about global customers needs (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). 3. Why competitive advantages is temporary Accumulating the money wouldnt lead to changes, as there are many things upside down, therefore, innovation need to be done for the future competitive advantage to last for the company. Its true that change is pervasive, and partners often get competitive. Its true that sustainable competitive advantage is a myth and its no longer about positioning (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). 4. Porters three generic strategies and how a company can add value by using Porters chain analysis Porters generic strategies explain how the firms could pursue with the competitive advantage in the market, and it includes focus, lower cost, and differentiation. Companies select two types of competitive advantage such as low cost than the market competitors and the next is differentiation of dimensional value by the customers for commanding the increased cost (Blythe, 2012). Generic strategy can add value to the services and products of the form, and in order to do so, its important that every activity should be run at the organizations optimum level, if the company wants to lead in competitive advantage. 5. Porters Five Forces model and its analysis for desktop Porters five forces model has five competitive forces that could help in shaping the industry and in analyzing its strength and weakness. These are: Industrial competition, Potential of new entrants in the industry, suppliers power, customers power, and threat of substitute products (Blythe, 2012). Desktop Computer Power of buyers- Buyers purchasing power is high, as all manufactures of PC provide desktop lie to customers. Its power in starting is slow and got reduced as manufacturers started stressing over sale of tablets and laptops. Power of suppliers- Power of supplier is low, as many people that shop for desktop and move towards laptops that are much cheaper (Blythe, 2012). Substitute products threat- The threat of the substitute products is high. Its noted that laptop computers try to dominate the market and providers customers with ability to their PC through wireless internet. New entrants threat- Its relatively low and it is viewed that era of desktop has passed towards the wireless era. Rivalry- Rivals still exist, as many manufacturers of PC provide desktop solutions to their customers (Blythe, 2012). Look at the model below and analyze the CEOs reorganization plan. Explain advantages and disadvantages of the structure, and reorganize the structure so it provides optimal benefits to operations of the company. AAA Management's New Organizational Structure CIO CEO CTO CPO Vice Presidents CSO CKO Managers Analysts Being the new CEO of AAA management company, I would like to bring changes in the organizational structure so that all the functions could be preceded in proper way in the company. Instead of CIO, CEO should be on top of the hierarchy, as they are the one who report to board of members. CEO creates, implement, and communicate the vision and mission of the company. Next position is of CIO, who will look after internal information system. Next position is of CTO, who will look after research and development. Then comes the post of CPO, proceed by Vice president, whose position is similar to COO (chief operating officer), then comes CSO, CKO, managers and analysts. This structure could be reorganize by keeping top level managers in the bureaucratic structure of organization that exercise the high deal of control on the strategies of the company. It could even deal over the command of business owner. Its disadvantage is that it might discourage the innovation and creativity in the compan y. References Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2009). In Essentials of Business Driver Information Systems. McGraw-Hill Education. Blythe, J. (2012). Essentials of Marketing. Pearson Education, Limited. Brown, S., Bessant, J., Lamming, R. (2013). Strategic Operations Management. USA: Routledge

Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Essays (2809 words) -

Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Adultery, betrayal, promiscuity, deception, and conspiracy, all of which would make an excellent coming attraction on the Hollywood scene and probably a rather erotic book. Add Puritan ideals and writing styles, making it long, drawn out, sleep inducing, tedious, dim-witted, and the end result is The Scarlet Letter. Despite all these unfavorable factors it is considered a classic and was a statement of the era (Letter 1). The Scarlet Letter is pervaded with profound symbolism and revolves around the idea that hidden guilt causes more suffering than open guilt. This theme along with its symbolism is demonstrated through the lives of the three main characters - Hester Pyrnne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth throughout the story. Their personalities are shown most clearly during the scaffold scenes. These scenes are the most substantial situations in the story because they illustrate the immediate, delayed, and prolonged effects that the sin of adultery has on the main charac ters (Analysis1). In the first scene, everyone in the town is gathered in the market place because Hester is being questioned about the identity of the father of her child - Pearl (analysis 1). Hester experiences open guilt through being publicly punished for adultery. She is being forced to stand on it for three hours straight to be ridiculed and ostracized by the community. Dimmesdale however refuses to admit that he committed adultery and thereby eventually suffers hidden guilt. His instantaneous response to the sin is to lie. He stands before Hester and the rest of the town and proceeds to give a moving speech about how it would be in her and the father's best interest for her to reveal the father's name (letter 3). Though he never actually says that he is not the other parent, he implies it by talking of the father in third person. Such as, if thou feelest it to be for thy soul's peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation, I charge t hee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-suffer. Chillingworth's first reaction is one of shock, but he quickly suppresses it. Since his first sight of his wife in two years is of her being punished for being unfaithful to him, he is naturally surprised. It does not last long though, because it is his nature to control his emotions. Chillingworth, subordinating his intellect to his desire for revenge, ultimately destroys himself (stack 34 1). Everything about him gradually changes into evil. Even his facial expressions become noticeably different. The main characters sharply contrast each other in the way they react to Hester and Dimmesdale's sin. To begin, Hester becomes stronger, more enduring, and even more sympathetic. She becomes stronger because of all the weight she has to carry. She is a single mother who suffers all of the burdens of parenthood by herself. They live on the edge of town, and Pearl has no one to give her food, shelter and emotional support be sides Hester. Pearl is especially difficult to raise because she is anything but normal. Hawthorne gives a pretty accurate description of Pearl when he writes: The child could not be made amenable to rules. In giving her existence, a great law had been broken; and the result was a being whose elements were perhaps beautiful and brilliant, but all in disorder; or with an order peculiar to themselves, amidst which the point of variety and arrangement was difficult or impossible to be discovered (analysis 5). Pearl serves as a representation of Hester's relationship with Dimmesdale. Initially Pearl symbolizes the shame of Hester's public punishment for adultery. Then as Pearl grew older, she symbolizes the decimation of Hester's life and mental state by harassing her mother over the scarlet A which embroidered on her dress. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt Pearl was her only treasure. Without Pearl, Hester's life would have been meaningless. Once a while P earl would bring joy to Hester's life. In a way she symbolizes a rose to her mother, but at other times she could be wilting. It was at these wilting times that brought Hester the most grief. In another aspect,

Revising with the Present Perfect

Revising with the Present Perfect Revising with the Present Perfect Revising with the Present Perfect By Maeve Maddox The following item appeared in the column of one-sentence news items on the front page of my morning newspaper: William Bradford Bishop Jr., who was a State Department employee in 1976 when he is suspected of killing his wife, mother and three sons, was added to the FBI’s list of â€Å"Ten Most Wanted Fugitives,† drawing renewed attention to the case. Conveying a coherent report in 50 words or less is quite a feat, and the writers in my paper usually do an amazingly good job of it. Nevertheless, this strange assortment of verb tenses left my grammar nerve twitching. The principal fact being reported is that the FBI has added Bishop to the list of â€Å"Most Wanted Fugitives.† Next in importance is the reason for which Bishop was added to the list: he is a suspected murderer. Last in importance is the fact of Bishop’s employment at the time of the murders. All three facts refer to past events, so present tense is definitely does not belong. Changing the is to was would help, but then we would have: â€Å"Bishop, who was an employee in 1976 when he was suspected, was added to the list.† Not only does this revision produce a litany of three wases in a row, it obscures the most recent event being reported: the fact that the man has been added to the â€Å"Most Wanted Fugitives† list. What we need is a tense that will distinguish the most recent past from the remoter past. Enter the present perfect: William Bradford Bishop Jr., suspected of killing his wife, mother and three sons in 1976 when he was a State Department employee, has been added to the FBI’s list of â€Å"Ten Most Wanted Fugitives,† drawing renewed attention to the case. Both was added (simple past) and has been added (present perfect) describe completed actions, but the present perfect describes a completed action that is still relevant in the present. The present tense auxiliary has adds an immediacy to the news item that alerts the reader to which of the three facts being reported is the most recent. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†30 Nautical Expressions

Any Article For Fitness Such As Tips For Work Out O Article

Any Article For Fitness Such As Tips For Work Out O Article Any Article For Fitness Such As Tips For Work Out O – Article Example 20 Apr. How to choose body building equipment for exercise at home: A sound body is necessary for healthy living. Staying fit is compulsory for rational thinking. Many people join gym in order to seek advice from health trainers and do body building. It is a perfect school for physical education. Every type of bodybuilding equipments is there to facilitate the development of muscles. These days, despite having a desire to go to gym on a regular basis, many people can not afford to do this because of lack of time. Doing exercise in gym on a regular basis is a time consuming task. Nonetheless, it can not be missed. In order to accommodate their exercise needs in a tight schedule, many people tend to do workout at home. Not only does this practice save time, but also becomes quite convenient for people to exercise on a regular basis. In order to workout at home, one would need such exercise equipment that would not only be cheap, but would also accommodate in the space available in home . Different people have different exercise needs. One should buy the machine that would address one’s area of concern. Step bench, balance balls, exercise cycle, dumbbells and weights are common exercise equipments that can be easily accommodated in homes (Jerkins). In case someone is not able to purchase the products of health fitness, then he/she should acquire second hand equipment. With time, more equipment can be gathered. It is not essential to purchase everything at the same time. As one’s needs grow, so should the collection of exercise equipment.:Jerkins, Hanna. â€Å"Tips To Choose Best Bodybuilding Equipments for Workout.† 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .

Parachute jump Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parachute jump - Research Paper Example From the Newton laws of motion, a free fall is the motion which involves the weight of a body as the only body is the only force that acts against it. Gravitation was reduced to a time space curvature. Felix had no force acting against him and hence moved along a geodesic. Due to absence of any other forces, gravitation acted on him equally due to the relative weightlessness. In this condition the gravitation field is zero. Felix in the free fall experienced gravititation "0-g". The Newton’s law of universal gravitation simplifies the dynamical equations that describe the trajectories that result due to gravitational force under normal conditions as F = mg. This accounts for the assumption for objects falling to earth over relatively short vertical distances. It is however much untrue over larger distances. The equation ignores the air resistance that was involved that has an effect on falling objects within appreciable distance in air causing them to approach a terminal velocity quickly. The air resistance effect varied enormously due to the size of Felix. The equation ignores the rotation of the earth failing to describe the Coriolis effect (Heitzmann, 23) Near the surface of the Earth, g  =  9.8  m/s ². The assumption is that SI unit g is measured in mps therefore d has to be measured in meters and time t in seconds. Therefore, velocity v is measured in meters per seconds(Heitzmann, 26) Felix is assumed to have started from rest and air resistance was neglected. In the Earth’s atmosphere all results are inaccurate after the first five seconds of the fall. Felix’s velocity at the time should have been a little less than the vacuum vale of 49 m/s due to the resistance of air. As Felix was falling through the atmosphere (which is not a perfect vacuum) therefore, he did not encounter a drag force brought about by air resistance. The drag force should have increased the velocity of the free fall. Felix therefore reached a state where the drag force

October 2007 IMF-World Bank Annual Meeting Essay

October 2007 IMF-World Bank Annual Meeting - Essay Example housing market, adverse credit conditions, and the rapid appreciation of some currencies could be some of the areas of concern in the days to come. Djoudi confirmed that the World Bank is defining strategic directions to address this growing threat. The World Bank would focus on good governance and financial stability frameworks, knowledge transfer, and cohesive agreements on trade and aid to mitigate the impacts. Otohiko Endo (Temporary Alternate Governor of the Bank and the Fund for JAPAN) suggested that "IMF should establish a new crisis-resolution strategy built upon the responses to the movement of private capital across borders". He said that IMF must set up a user-friendly preventive instrument, taking into consideration the views of major emerging market economies. For surveillance, he recommended that "IMF should shift its emphasis from a static analysis of the current situation toward a dynamic analysis of the risk of financial crises over a medium-term horizon". Globalization was identified as one of the other primary challenges. Globalization has brought uneven benefits to the billions in middle income countries and the developed countries are also facing the opportunities and strains of globalization. A few steps, as suggested by the participants, to mitigate the risks of globalization include: Leveraging the strengths and synergies among the four principal entities that make up the World Bank Group - IBRD, IDA, IFC, and MIGA. IDA 15 replenishment with more contribution from the World Bank. Stronger growth strategy for IFC. Better cooperation between IDA and IFC to boost the private sector in poorer economies. Price simplification and reduction for loans from IBRD. World Bank President Bob Zoellick assured that the development committee would focus on strategic direction of the World Bank Group, IDA15 replenishment, and the role of the Bank in the fight against global climate change. Infratructure is also a basic necessity in the global economic environment, a lack of which is a definite threat to growth. It is serious concern, considering that the investment in infrastructure has declined significantly in developing countries. Corruption in governments is one of the key detriments to infrastructure development. A World Bank report says that Africa could have saved $45 billion in road reconstruction costs if had spent just around $12 billion [in the late 80s] towards maintenance of the roads. So, the issue in most of the developing countries is not only lack of infrastructure, but a lack of will to invest in it, coupled with corruption. Reforms or Changes in IMF Policy The Minister of Finance for Nigeria - Shamsuddeen Usman - emphasized that the developing countries need a greater voice and representation in the two institutions, and the greater voice would come only through the quota arrangements. He called for "at least a tripling of the basic votes for the developing countries, and the other quota and voice reforms, especially using

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Basis ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can taternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned iternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, busiternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soness, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because sonto a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soke not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so

Habitat for Humanity: I Helped Change a Life :: Community Service, Service Learning

When I first heard of the volunteer trip concept in Habitat for Humanity, my ears twitched, recognizing a genuine product, designed to bring about true changes, rather than making the affluent feel good they’ve done a thing to help solve the world’s problems. From day one, I knew my trip was in good hands. Weeks before my trip to Guatemala, e-mails began streaming to my inbox encouraging us to fund-raise, informing us about the project and raising expectations. I realized that there will be about 150 volunteers, and that the Habitat for Humanity office set a goal to build 10 homes in just 5 days. I received detailed itineraries and knew there was someone on the other end taking care of my food, lodging, safety and travel. When we arrived in Nebaj, the small town where the houses were to be built, we found our accommodations, received information packs and protective helmets, and met a large group of volunteers whose enthusiasm and jolliness was hard not to contract. Coming to the site Monday morning, I saw foundations already laid and trusses, timber, plaster, other construction materials and tools prepared. Toilets, and info area, meal tent and cleaning area neatly arranged to make our time on the site as efficient as possible. Truly, there was a lot of eyebrow-raising for me on the first day. With more than two hundred people on the site, all of which each were eager to lend a helping hand, this could have ended in a catastrophe were it not for immaculate organization of the site, work, and individual groups. I was not surprised that on Friday, 10 complete houses were dedicated to families of former orphans. During those five days, I learned how to nail, cut and glue insulation to the outer shell and coat it with plaster, build inside walls and add the final finishing layer on the house. I also observed how such low-cost houses come into existence.

Recruitment and selection process for Boots Essay

The recruitment and selection process is used to employ new people for the organisation, company or business. The recruitment process can be quite expensive due to the work and staff involved. Money is needed to advertise the position in newspapers, replying to candidates, paying interviewers, and also if candidates are successful then money will be needed to actually train them. In the selection process there are five main areas which are completed – * Job descriptions * Person specifications * Advertising * Selection process * Interviewing Job descriptions A job description is a list of the main tasks required to full fill the position. I have gathered evidence of a job description from Boots. The job description which I have collected states all of the tasks which are required, but in an actual job description only the main tasks will be noted. I have also got a job description from my local job centre but the information given is not enough for what would be required by an applicant. The description does not show the days which will be worked or even the type of work which will be required. More and more organisations like Boots, Marks and Spencer and Tescos have job descriptions for every job, from a Cleaner to a Managing Director. There are three main ways in which a job description can be drawn up by the personnel department. These are – * Line manager can draw up a job description of what the job entails. * Actual existing job holder can do it. * Human resources manager can interview the job holder and the line manager to find out what the job involves. The best approach out of these three options would be to interview the line manager and the job holder because the line manager may miss out little things which may be included in the job and the job holder will be able to give more information. A job description also gives the applicants other details of the job which are necessary such as- * Actual job title * Location of the job * Duration and hours required * Main tasks required * Pay and other benefits * Person to contact and place to apply.

Kennedy vs. Nixon Essay

â€Å"Peace,† the overall message is about experience and knowing what to do during though times. Nixon’s campaign tried to convey this seriousness by shooting its commercials of Nixon perched on a desk and speaking directly to the camera. In JFK’s 1960 â€Å"Debate,† political ad, he addresses the people in a snappier way, and by â€Å"facing the issues squarely. † However, neither of the candidates’ ads was about issues; rather, they were more contrast in styles. The messages focused on the era as a dangerous time; it was really an election about change versus experience. In Kennedy’s ad, he expresses his ideas directly, specifically, and offers â€Å"new American leadership for the country. † His tone is very magnetic and appealing, and it is quite pleasing to an American to hear that Kennedy thinks that America is a great country, but â€Å"it could be a greater† one. Whereas Nixon speaks with such composure and a serious-minded tone in his ad, it almost seems he is not excited (or even cares) to be there. The way Kennedy carries himself while giving speeches is an especially confident, poised, and self-assured one, so much that he even comments on whether if people think that America was doing everything satisfactorily, that he agreed with them, that they â€Å"should vote for Nixon†! Furthermore, on the Kennedy-Nixon debate, Kennedy appeared looking â€Å"tanned, confident, and vigorous,† while Nixon was â€Å"wearing no make up and a light-colored suit that blended into the background looking exhausted and pale, and sweated profusely. Also, Mr. Nixon’s tone is exceedingly formal, thus making him look a tad bit uncharismatic, (unlike his likable contender). His way of speaking directly to the camera and giving detailed answers to an offscreen speaker, presented him â€Å"as a though, experienced leader able to stand up to the Communists. † In general, while Nixon was not as charismatic and pleasant as JFK, he was a seasoned, experienced, and mature leader ready to stand up to Khrushchev. Moreover, Nixon kept arguing that while Khrushchev was a â€Å"cold, hard, ruthless man,† that we won’t â€Å"be coerced, that we will not tolerate being pushed around,† that he’d continue to â€Å"deal with Communism and the Soviet leaders†¦firmly, and always with vigilance. † In contrast, Kennedy attempted to turn his youth into an advantage, proclaiming in his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, â€Å"We stand today on the edge of a new frontier. †

Egyptian Mythologys Impact on the Ancient Egyptian Legal System Essay Example

Egyptian Mythologys Impact on the Ancient Egyptian Legal System Essay Example Egyptian Mythologys Impact on the Ancient Egyptian Legal System Paper Egyptian Mythologys Impact on the Ancient Egyptian Legal System Paper Assess the extent to which Egyptian mythology influenced the Egyptian justice system. Crime and punishment within ancient Egypt was heavily influenced by Egyptian mythology and religious belief. The various deities embodied different values and codes of conduct. This was significant as it had a major influence on the severity of the punishment for various criminal activities, depending on the importance and status of the God or Goddess. Ma’at was the most influential God overall on the Egyptian justice system as she symbolised truth, balance and justice and was the daughter of Re, the creator of the world in the eyes of the Egyptians. Meretseger, another Goddess, made a significant impact on tomb robbing, with the myths of her power to punish and heal wrongdoers and thieves based on their actions or amendments. The Pharaoh, was the personification of Gods on Earth, and as guarantor of the law, he influenced decisions and had a major role in monitoring the judicial system. Bastet primarily emphasised the connection between human beings and felines in the Egyptian world. This impacted the severity of punishments for their mistreatment or murder, whether it be accidental or intended. Mythology immersed daily life and cultural beliefs, therefore impacting on the law and civil rights. In addition, we see the importance of female deities and the essential role that they played reflected in Egyptian society, proving through arts, texts and archaeological records, that women were equal to men. This ensured that Egyptian law, protected, to some degree, the rights of women, making it vastly different to other cultures of the time, and some contemporary societies. Mythology shaped the rules and penalties of the ancient Egyptian legal system, from Gods and Goddesses to religious practices and the role of the Pharaoh. Ma’at was the Goddess of truth and justice, and represented the divine harmony and cosmic balance of the universe within ancient Egypt (Jean Adams, 2007). Her power was strengthened through her relationship with Re, the creator God and the fact that she was an integral, authoritative Goddess. This affected the severity of the punishments if one were to ‘break Ma’at’. Murder, sacrilege, attempted assassination of the Pharaoh and spying were considered to be breaking Ma’at and those who did this were served the death penalty which was carried out through beheading, sacrifice or drowning in the Nile in a closed sack. The ancient Egyptian legal system was heavily affected and influenced by Ma’at due to her values of balance, justice and equity. The balance implied by Ma’at, allowed peasants to challenge rich and powerful men in a court of law, especially in cases of civil law as they were taken very seriously in Egypt. Many ancient cultures thought little of peasants or of the rights of the individual, but due to Ma’at and what she represented, the rights of property and personal safety were followed strictly, bringing justice to the lower class of Egypt. Ma’at also played a role in the fate of an Egyptian’s afterlife. When someone died, his or her heart would be weighed against Ma’at’s feather on the scales of justice. If their heart was heavier than the feather, they believed it to be full of sin and they were turned over to Ammut, who was the devourer who ate the dead soul. This would mean that the Egyptian was annihilated and would wander the netherworld forever, a very undesirable fate in Egyptian culture. This fear, engendered by mythology, was a strong influence on the behaviour of Egyptian citizens and often kept them on the straight and narrow. This was a major contributor to social harmony and civil obedience. Meretseger was a protective deity that was greatly feared in ancient Egypt. She had tremendous powers and could do as much damage to a person as she could heal them. Since Egyptians were buried with all their worldly possessions of value for their journey into the after-world, tomb robbery was a common problem that Meretseger greatly affected. Annihilation was the greatest fear of any Egyptian; therefore tomb robbing was the most heinous crime there was, because if an Egyptian’s tomb were robbed, they would have nothing in the afterlife. Meretseger increased the severity of this crime through the myth that she would strike down anyone who desecrated a tomb. It was also believed that she would do this to anyone who committed a crime or broke an oath. It was thought that she could cause instantaneous blindness and impose a snake or scorpion bite on anyone of guilt. While she was believed to be merciful and would cure anyone who regretted their transgressions and swore to make up for them, she subsequently influenced an individual’s choice to break the law and the physical punishments that would happen if one did so. If a lord or high official was proved to be involved in tomb robbery, they could be put to death, ordered to commit suicide or live with horrific mutilation. Meretseger dictated the severity of the legal consequences for tomb robbery. The Pharaoh appeared as an authoritative figure placed on the earth by gods to rule Egypt on their behalf, as Pharaonic power was viewed as a manifestation of divine power. Due to this belief, the Pharaoh was the official head of the legal system in Ancient Egypt and was responsible for enacting laws, delivering justice, and maintaining law and order (abiding by Ma’at). The relationship between mythology and the Pharaoh, and the Pharaoh and the legal system practically meant that the Gods ruled the justice system. The running of the courts would work by the Pharaoh picking judges to rule trials. Both sides would present evidence but the accused had to prove their innocence, leaving the defence with the burden of proof. Although Egyptian law was based on a common sense view of right and wrong, mythology and religion still played a role and had enormous influence. Oracles often had a part in the legal system and trials and would ensure justice in civil and criminal cases. Oracles were represented by several priests who would be asked a yes or no question concerning the correctness of an issue and their decision would result in the punishment or freedom of the accused. The Pharaoh, as a representation of Gods on Earth, had complete control over the legal system and was sure to enforce the word of Ma’at, strengthening the connection between mythology and the law. The Goddess Bastet, while not directly related to the justice system, primarily emphasised the connection between human beings and felines in the Egyptian world. Her worship started around 3200 BCE and she is depicted as having the body of a woman and the head of a domestic cat. She embodied the moon in its way of making a woman fertile and was the Goddess of pleasure, music, dancing and joy. The people of ancient Egypt turned to Bastet for protection and for blessing, as she was the protector of women, children and domestic cats. The cat was central to Egyptian religion and they were considered to be sacred and semi divine. They earned this status by killing rats, mice, poisonous snakes, and other vermin that would eat the royal ranaries. Bastet strengthened the value of cats due to representation of a half feline and extended the belief that cats were the personification of deities on Earth. This made the legal penalties for killing or injuring a cat most severe and on many occasions it could be punishable by death. The legal connections to the protection of cats were so intense that anyone who even discovered a dead cat would have to thoro ughly mourn the cat to ensure that they were not blamed for its death. Part of the reason the rules regarding felines were so strict was that only the semi-divine Pharaoh could own a cat, hence hurting one was treasonous as the Pharaoh was the personification of Gods on Earth. If someone were to steal a cat, that usually being foreigners, the Pharaoh would order all of his troops to be on the lookout for cats when campaigning abroad so they could be brought back to Egypt. Diodorus Siculus, a Greek Historian, stated that a Roman soldier was killed by a mob of Egyptians for accidentally killing a cat. Cats even had the honour of being mummified after death to ensure them a safe travel into the afterlife. It is without a doubt that the mythology surrounding the belief of the divinity of cats and Bastet caused many laws and legal implications in the Egyptian justice system, once again reiterating the connection between Egyptian mythology and the law. Due to Egyptian Mythology incorporating Goddess’s as equal and central roles, men and women were treated equally in Ancient Egyptian society. Women participated in the political, economic and judicial system equally as men, making their laws very different, and relatively advanced to ours in this regard. ‘Egyptian womens rights extended to all legally defined areas of Egyptian civilization. Women could manage, own, and sell private property, which included slaves, land, portable goods, servants, livestock, and money. ’ (Joyce Tyldesley) They could resolve legal settlements, appear as a contracting partner in a marriage or divorce contract, execute testaments, free slaves, make adoptions and were also entitled to sue. This allowed Egypt’s legal system to be very advanced to many of the other cultures at the time and even to ours now, all because of the images and values portrayed through Mythology. Ancient Egypt’s legal system was very heavily influenced by mythology and the belief in religion and deities at the time. While Ma’at had the most influential role within the law as Goddess of balance, harmony, equity and justice, many other Gods and Goddesses impacted varying aspects of what Egyptians believed to be right and wrong. The fear of Ammut, the soul eater, and the power of Meretseger affected the punishments regarding breaking the law and the ethics and behaviour of the average Egyptian. The value of cats within Egypt is undoubtedly related to their semi-divine status and the representation of half feline, half human Goddess Bastet explaining the reason for the severity of laws regarding their protection and proper treatment. The Pharaoh’s connection to the Gods and to the legal system undoubtedly connects the influence mythology had on the ancient Egyptian legal system, disallowing us to believe there are no ties between the two. By the Pharaoh ruling the legal system through the word of the Gods, mythology proves to have an overruling command on justice and punishments within Egypt. The treatment and equity between men and women in a court of law due to the behaviour surrounding Goddesses in the mythological world reaffirms this connection. Mythology had a clear affect on ancient Egyptian way of life, morals and ethics and, of course, the law. Without the myths surrounding deities and religion, the legal system of Egypt could have been far less advanced and incontestably significantly different. Bibliography: Adams, J. Updated 16th October 2007, Accessed 18th June 2013, Crime and Punishment: Crime Didn’t Pay In Ancient Egypt, Unusual Historicals, http://unusualhistoricals. blogspot. com. au/2007/10/crime-punishment-crime-didnt-pay-in. html Crime and Punishment by Jean Adams was an incredible insightful website. It described the Goddess Ma’at and the feather ceremony along with the negative perceptions and practises of Ammut. Adam’s main argument is that ‘it doesn’t pay to be a criminal in ancient Egypt’ as she stresses the crimes and punishments that were considered to be most horrific. She refers to relatable texts and compares other religions to backup her point. Adam’s also discusses acceptable and inacceptable behaviour, and the values of Mythology, Gods and Goddesses, and ideals in ancient Egypt. Annihilation and tomb robbery (relatable to Meretseger), are also glanced at, informing the reader of the severity and punishments of this crime and how it varies depending on the status of the criminal. This source is reliable, valuable, nformative and thoroughly helped me to investigate my topic. Benac, Eric. Accessed 5th July, Laws of Ancient Egypt, eHow, ehow. com/list_6896627_laws-ancient-egypt. html#ixzz2WWnLO3fe David O’Connor, Ancient Egyptian Society, Published in 1990 by The Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh. While Ancient Egyptian Society was a fascinating short book packed full with rich information, it unfortunately gave little information on my topic in particular. O’Connor very deeply explains family life, community, status and social systems, but only briefly glances at my topic, the connections between mythology and the law. O’Connor describes oracles and their involvement within local counsels to determine non-criminal cases within ancient Egypt. He also describes the functions and levels of Egyptian law and the gravity at which they were taken, especially if the crime was an infraction against the state. Ancient Egyptian Society, however, does explore Pharaonic power and the relationship between the Pharaoh and the Gods and the Pharaoh and the law more deeply which provided me with a clearer understanding of the role of the Pharaoh, especially within the legal system. Ancient Egyptian Society is undeniably a credible source as it was written by David O’Connor, an associate curator in the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, and published by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Hill, J. Updated 2010, Accessed 25th June, Meretseger, Ancient Egypt Online, http://ancientegyptonline. co. uk/meretseger. html Joyce Tyldesley, Accessed 16th July, The Status of Women In Egyptian Society, Cornell Library, Resource One library. cornell. edu/colldev/mideast/womneg. tm The Status of Women in Egyptian Society by Joyce Tyldesley is a really interesting paper, which thoroughly focuses on the legal rights of women within ancient Egypt. Tyldesley discusses the allowances of women in Egypt in incredible depth and compares them to Greek women’s rights at the same time, which were most unfair. She reiterates the extent of equity between men and women, especially within the law, listing numerous ways in which women had the same legal ability as m en of the same status. While she does not link this topic to Mythology and the impacts that caused women to be seen and treated as equals (as they should be) in Ancient Egypt, she provides much concise, thorough information to the topic. I do not doubt that Tyldesley is a credible source and writer as she has had other known, published works in the past, including Myths and Legends of Ancient Egypt. Leigh T. Denault, Accessed 16th July, Life In Ancient Egypt, watson. org/~leigh/egypt. html#gods Author Unknown, Accessed 5th July. Mythology: Cats in Ancient Egypt, Feline Forever, Updated 2008. ttp://felineforever. com/cat-mythology-egypt. html Author Unknown, Accessed 5th July, Ancient Egyptian Legal System, Crystalinks. crystalinks. com/egyptlegalsystem. html Author Unknown, Accessed 5th July, The Sacred Status Of Cats In Ancient Egypt, Environmental Graffiti, Updated 2010. environmentalgraffiti. com/cultures/news-cats-ancient-egypt Author Unknown, Accessed 5th July, Death Penalty: When Life Generates De ath (Legally), Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation. http://library. thinkquest. org/23685/data/ancegypt. html

Protection Example

Protection Example Protection – Coursework Example Protection Explain Why and How and Local Governments Should Install Procedures to Prevent Loss of Public Funds and local governments aresupposed to install procedures to prevent the loss of public funds. Loss procedures are important because they (a) minimize losses, (b) make sure that investigations are not interfered with, (c) make sure that reckless settlements are not made, (d) ensure that the bond claims are not risked, and (e) make sure that incorrect personnel actions are not allowed (Office of Financial Management, 2008). In Canada, there is a directive on losses of money or property. The objective of the directive is to make sure that public property or money losses are â€Å"prevented, detected and properly recorded, recovered and reported† (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, 2010).The directive requires that the chief financial officer establish a risk-based management practice and control to make sure that the losses of public property and money are reduced. The following are some of the practices and controls; (a) design, implement and maintain systems of internal control [such as account verification to stop public property and money loss or to identify any losses in a timely way], (b) preparation and processing of claims against those liable for the losses because of offences or negligence, (c) acting to recover some of the shortages or losses from the holder of an advance [this includes petty cash shortages], and (d) making sure that all the losses of public property or money are reported for addition in the Public Accounts of Canada (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, 2010). ReferencesOffice of Financial Management. (2010). Suspected losses of public funds or property. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. (2010, Aug. 12). Directive on losses of money or property. Retrieved from tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=15792§ion=text

Religious Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious Freedom - Essay Example Therefore, he firmly establishes the freedoms- freedom of speech, freedom of action, freedom of though and freedom of religion. Personally I believe that there shall be freedom of religion as long as there is peace and social order. Every individual is responsible for their own actions and they shall be held responsible or penalized only if their action has caused disturbance or harm to another being. As long as a person is living a righteous life without causing any trouble to his or her fellow beings, then there seems no valid reason to punish him or her on the basis of their religious belief. It is not true that only individuals from the minority sector commit crimes in a certain country. Even individuals from their own religious sect commit crime. In the Holy Quran there is a quote, it says, â€Å"There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the m ost trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.† (Surat Al-Baqarah, 2:256) According to this verse of the Holy Quran, it clearly says that there shall be freedom of religion. ... Similarly, in the Locke’s quote, he clearly explains that no man is superior to other man to force his opinions on others and compel him to accept his opinion and religion. There exists a relationship between an individual’s mind and reality; and no one can interfere with that relationship. Again in the same chapter of the Holy Quran it is mentioned, â€Å"Say, [O believers], "We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him."† (2:136) This verse clearly states that Muslims believe in all the previous prophets that were blessed to various nations in the history. To be a true Muslim, belief in the messages of the earlier Prophets is equally important. Muslims do believe in Prophet Moses who wa s sent to the Jewish tribe, Prophet Esa (Jesus) and various other Prophets. However, they submit themselves to God and follow the guidance of the Prophet. Therefore the Muslims believe in all books that were revealed to all the Prophets and in all the angels. As it is mentioned in the Holy Quran at another instance, where it says, â€Å"The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], "We make no distinction between any of His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination.†Ã¢â‚¬  (2:285)

The Scientific Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Scientific Method - Essay Example To determine whether the hypothesis is correct, an experiment is designed. Any external factors that can affect the results should be minimized. This means, set-ups that do not contain the test variable (negative control) should be included so that the design is ensured to be not presenting any effectors other than the variable being tested. As well, a positive control is included so that it is ensured that the experimental method is capable of producing the result being tested (Carter, 2010). For this experiment, six set-ups will be made, with three replicates each. Replicates are important so that the outcomes cannot be attributed to chance. The more replicates having the same outcomes, the more established that data is. Experiments will begin when the sun rises, possibly around six in the morning. Thus, set-up will start minutes or hours before that Experimental Set-up For the first set-up, three 1 ft. Coleus plants will be placed outside, in the area where it can be maximally exposed to the sun. They will be placed beside one another. On the other hand, another three will be placed in a very dark room/closet that will only be opened after the experiment. For the third set-up, the upper half of the shoots, stems and leaves included, will be covered by aluminium foil, and for the fourth set-up, it is the lower half that will be covered. These six will be exposed to the sun together with the 1st set-up. For the fourth and fifth set-up, a lamp will be placed beside the left and the right side of plants, respectively. Experiment proper The plants will remain on their respective places from six in the morning to twelve in the afternoon. Hourly, specifically at 6 a.m. (start), 7 a.m., 8 a.m., 9 a.m., 10 a.m., 11 a.m., and 12 noon, pictures of the plants will be taken to observe and record any macroscopic changes in the growth of the plants. Then, the sho ots will be divided into four, first into top and bottom halves, and then to left and right. The same

Scenario Planning for Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships Term Paper

Scenario Planning for Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships - Term Paper Example The antibiotic will also help CMS to save more money (28,000 dollars, annually). The administrator also acknowledges the drawbacks that come with the CMS using the antibiotic. The administration is for instance at home with the concerns that border on the lack of familiarity with the drug and the addition of a step to an already busy pre-operation nurses’ workload. However, the administrator’s initial statement and vouching for the antibiotic is premised on the antibiotic not have its pitfalls, but its benefits far outweighing its disadvantages. Stakeholder’s Background Thinking and First Responses and the Administrator’s Response Option Choice The stakeholder’s background thinking and the first response is largely ambivalent. While there are those who readily welcome the introduction of the antibiotic in CMS’ surgical interventions, others are diametrically opposed to the same idea. For instance, the pharmacist is positive about the introduc tion of the antibiotic, because he has learned about the drug. The financial analyst is likely to welcome this move since it will help save 28,000 dollars annually. The preoperational nurse and surgeon are not in support of the antibiotic. Although the nurse is interested in making her efforts patient-centered, she is worried that the move will add her other responsibilities at the preoperational stage. The surgeon, on the other hand, loathes government mandates and regards them as unnecessary since he has a generally positive track record for patients who have come from surgery. However, he lacks knowledge on the actual rate of post-surgery wound infections, due to his surgery patients. In this case, it is important that the administrator acknowledges these concerns since they are legitimate. Conversely, the administrator should consult the opposing team so as to place modalities on the introduction of the antibiotic. The modalities are to alleviate the setbacks that may shortchang e the preoperational nurse and the surgeon. During these consultations, the administrator must make it clear that the introduction of the antibiotic is inevitable. How to Communicate With the Stakeholders According to Dewar (2010), the best way of communicating with these stakeholders in order to convince them to welcome the use of the antibiotic is a dialogue. The administration can initiate and facilitate the dialogue by welcoming the stakeholders to a meeting. Efforts must be made to ensure that the meeting remains a dialogue instead of a monologue. In this light, the preoperational nurse, the surgeon and the like-minded who have reservations towards the introduction of the preoperational antibiotic must state their standpoints and qualify them. From this angle, the administration and the stakeholders must work together to designate modalities that can mitigate the demerits that accost the use of the new antibiotic. On the same wavelength, it will be imperative that the administr ation expounds on the need to integrate the antibiotic to CMS’ surgical intervention.

Alzheimer’s disease Essay Example for Free

Alzheimer’s disease Essay #1 Make Observation What causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically? This question came to my mind when I was watching the movie ‘The Notebook’ for the fifth time. Unusual for a guy, I love romantic genre movies and I was wondering why Alzheimer causes short and long term memory loss. I also had an interest on the Alzheimer’s disease after watching the movie ‘Rise of the Planet of the Apes’ where the protagonist tries to fix the neurology nerve system to heal his father’s Alzheimer. #2 Ask Question What causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically? #3 Create possible explanation I think the core reason of the Alzheimer’s disease lie on the nerve pathway signal transmission. I think the nerve pathway signal transmission system is same as all of the body functional system and as it grows older and older, the functioning of the specific nerve pathway signal transmission for memories weakens and decreases. #4 Making predictions based on this model If the problem of the Alzheimer’s disease is in the nerve pathway signal transmission, then the Alzheimer’s disease is indeed a neurological problem. If we can find out the way to re-ignite the signal or heal the receiving or sending parts of the neurological nerve signal system, then we will be able to delay the process of the disease or even fix it permanently. #5 Test with controls I do not know the system of the central neurological nerve system of the human nor the treatment of the Alzheimer’s disease. However, to find out numerous people with and without the disease should complete the cause of the Alzheimer’s disease. Run a MRI test on brain of the participants and compare the MRI results with the people with and without the Alzheimer’s disease. If it shows some difference showing the weakening or decreasing of the nerve pathway signal transmission then we can conclude that the neurological nerve pathway signal transmission is the cause of the Alzheimer’s disease. However, we can’t be sure that that is the only causes of the Alzheimer’s disease so we will have to create more experiments. #6 Exploration Alzheimer disease is a neurological disease and it is one of the many forms of dementia. The researches says that the Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia since its percentage is over half of the total dementia cases. My question was ‘what causes the Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ so I decided to first go research about the neuroscience of the human body since the Alzheimer’s disease is primarily the degenerating of the signal pathway system in the brain. The human have a special cell called the neurons in the nervous system and these cells communicate with other cells by synapses. This is the most basic difference between a normal cell and a neuron. Synapses signal can be either chemical or electrical and they are just membrane-to-membrane junctions with such molecular machinery that produces rapid transmission of signals. There isn’t just one neuron in human. In fact, there are hundreds of different types with differ ent functions and shapes. So all these information led me to an another question of ‘what kind of neurons are related to the Alzheimer’s disease?’ I found out that Alzheimer’s kills neurons due to the accumulation of proteins in the brain. That is why the Alzheimer’s diseases are called the neurodegenerative diseases. I couldn’t specifically find the exact neurons that are related to the Alzheimer’s disease but I found out that the Alzheimer’s kills these neurons in the brain by proteinaceous plaques. An article by ‘Journal of Neuroscience’ did a research on A-beta, a peptide that surrounds the dying neurons in certain regions of the brain. The research said they weren’t sure if the A-Beta is the protein that kills the neurons. A-Beta becomes toxic when it forms an oligomer. Oligomer means a molecule that consists of a few monomer units. A-Beta oligomers are bad for neurons because it causes the neurons to re-enter the cell cycle. This is bad because once the brain neurons become adult cells, these are not supposed to divide. This is why neuronal cancers are very rare because the neurons cells don’t divide once it reaches adulthood. Then the articles went into deeper matters with mouse models so I stopped my research of A-Beta here. It says that the cause for the Alzheimer’s disease is essentially unknown and all of these researches are part of the hypotheses. There are many hypotheses including the cholinergic and the amyloid hypotheses. But the A-Beta is the most recent hypotheses in the field of  science since the A-Beta theory was updated in 2009. Then, I took my TA’s advice and went to find the biology behind the transmission of nerve impulses. Neurons have a part called the dendrites and this is where the neuron fires a correct impulse to another neuron through the axon. Axon is a long projection that connects nerve cells. Just like a normal cell, the neurons have cell membranes as well. When the neuron is not transmitting impulse, the reason is in its cell membrane. When the neuron cell is polarized, that is when the neuron is inactive. The outside of the cell contains excess sodium ions and the inside of the cell contains excess potassium ions. However, the inside of the cell is negative due to other negatively charged protein and nucleic acid molecules inside the cell. There are Na+/K+ pumps on the membranes and it is permeable! When the neuron gets stimulated, the sodium ions flow in to the cell and the neuron gets depolarized. When the neuron reaches the complete depolarization, impulse is transmitted through the axon and thus makes the cell active. When the impulse fires from a neuron, the other neuron at the end of the axon depolarizes and calcium ions are allowed to enter the cell. Then a chemical called a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse. The neurotransmitter then binds to proteins on the neuron membrane to receive the impulse. The proteins are the receptors of the many different neurotransmitter and the neurotransmitters does have specific receptor proteins. It is logical that when the neurons die from proteins of the Alzheimer’s disease, the synapses and impulse decreases and decreases. Therefore, I began to have questions about the effect and the symptoms of the Alzheimer’s disease due to the death of many neurons. Alzheimer’s disease equals the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex. The most common effect and symptom of the Alzheimer’s disease is the loss of memory and mental skills. The chance of getting an Alzheimer’s disease is higher for older populations. The symptoms advance as the time passes. The speed of the progress of the disorder differs from person to person but most of them start with forgetfulness. It is probably the neuron transmission failure. As the brain neuron dies, the mental state of the human weakens and decreases. When the Alzheimer’s disease attacks the frontal lobe of the brain, the person’s mood swing can be dangerously unstable. It is because the frontal lobe controls the feeling and the behavior of a person. The person can also have problems  with washing and cleaning him/herself because another function of the frontal lobe of the brain is to plan things based on what is wrong and what is right. Also 40% of the Alzheimer’s patients have low appetite in food and have significant weight loss because as the neuron dies, the olfactory and taste nerves fails. All of these symptoms are all directly connected to the problems with the brain neurons. So my first starting question of ‘what causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ was answered. A simple but sophisticated disruption of a tiny neuron cells in the brain causes the Alzheimer’s disease. Then I began to think if there are any treatment researches going on in the field of biology. I found one research that caught my eyes and it was stem cells. Professor Kim of the Chung-Ang University in South Korea successfully restored a mouse’s brain function by transplanting a human nerve stem cell. He was able to transplant a stem cell containing acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, and the articles said that the mouse restored its brain function to a normal state. Professor Kim’s work is also announced in an international journal called ‘Cell Transplantation.’ #7 Repeat (Modify, extend or reject) ‘What is the specific molecule (possibly a protein) that affects the neuron of the brains so it causes the Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ and ‘How will transplanting stem cell containing a neurotransmitter called ‘Acetycholine’ affect the human Alzheimer’s disease?’ These are my two refined questions after my exploration of the Alzheimer’s disease.   Reference and Citation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system#Neurons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimers_disease http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-the-transmission-of-nerve-impulses.html http://scienceblogs.com/purepedantry/2009/02/12/how-does-alzheimers-kill-neuro/ (Authors: N.H. Varvel, K. Bhaskar, A.R. Patil, S.W. Pimplikar, K. Herrup, B.T. Lamb) http://voices.yahoo.com/the-dreadful-effects-alzheimers-disease-116725.html?cat=70 (Publisher: Carl Kolchack, freelance article writer) http://blog.naver.com/vitaminmd?Redirect=LoglogNo=110133967592 (Publisher: Vitamin MD) http://www.medworld.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=63612 (Youn Sang Yong Reporter)

Comapring Gardners Model to the Theory of John Dewey Essay -- Teachin

Philosophers are part of history, caught in its movement; creators perhaps in some measure of its future, but also assuredly creatures of its past.-John Dewey American philosopher, social commentator, idealist, educator, and democratic theorist, John Dewey has had a profound impact on America's educational system. Proponent of change and advocate of "hands-on" learning and interactive classrooms, Dewey accomplished a great deal in his long life, (interestingly enough, he is the only major philosopher to live beyond his ninetieth year). He is the one professional philosopher of our age whose ideas have touched the common man through institutional changes in education and social action. Born on October 20, 1859, in Burlington Vermont, John Dewey was born into a small-town middle class family. His father was a reasonably successful town grocer and tobacconist, while his mother, almost twenty years younger and "better-born", had come from a prominent Vermont family. Dewey remembered his mother as a woman of great piety, strict with her sons, and frequently questioning their "rightness with Jesus". Until he was almost thirty years old, the greater part of Dewey's intellectual life was concerned with mediating between the core of evangelicalism that his mother had given him and life as men live it, particularly the intellectual life of the later nineteenth century. Mrs. Dewey prized the principles of work, prayer, benevolence, maternity, and ambitious goals for her family. The disappointment of her marriage seems to have led her to seek an exaggerated sense of self-reliance. Due to her strong convictions, the home life of her three sons was very demanding. The teachings of his mother left Dewey with the notion that the world... ...ample is the characteristic of egoism among creative individuals. This also seems obvious, especially when dealing with the individuals he has chosen, as they are all famous and recognized worldwide for their achievements. On the whole I do not agree with Gardner's model, and I believe that it is somehow wrong to stereotype and dissect people to the extent that he has. But hey, maybe that's why I'm not an psychology or phyciatry major. Works Cited 1. Hook, Sidney. John Dewey: Philosopher of Science and Freedom. 1950. Dial Press. New York 2. Campbell, James. Understanding John Dewey. 1995. Open Court. Chicago, Illinois 3. Johnson, A.H. The Wit and Wisdom of John Dewey. 1949. The Beacon Press. Boston. 4. http://www.albany.edu/~dkw42/s2-dewey-progr.html 5. http://education.ucdavis.edu/ACADEMIC/EDU120/dewey1.html 6. http://www.fred.net/tzaka/demointr.html

Are humans naturally good or naturally evil Essay

Are humans naturally good or naturally evil? Paul Bloom’s (psychologist) answer is yes. Most adults know wrong from right, for the excep*on of psychos. The heroes who come to the rescue, the ones that are disappointed, by some of the things that occur in our society and the act of kindness. There is a push to make the wrongdoers pay for what they commi-ed, help the needy, also emo*onal responses that revolve around morality. Research in laboratories, prove the claim that sense of good and evil are bred in the bone. Babies and toddlers can judge others ac*ons based on whether they are evil or good. They feel the same way about evil and bad and react the same way as adults. They also like Nikki Daniel 2/12/14 1st current event of quarter 3 per 2 those who do too. Based on their behavior, their judgments and ac*ons we can tell what they like and dislike. There is limit to morality. Babies start slow and then start seeing themselves as a group. Most humans obtain general moral ideas. Our ac*ons fall low compare to our moral principles. Communica*ng with people with the same morals and values as you is a big part of growing up to be a good person. This research might change the way that many people feel about their babies and children. Some think babies are bad seeds others think they are psychopaths. Our surrounding can change our natural moral senses. Understanding moral psychology can make the world a be-er place. The Nikki Daniel 2/12/14 1st current event of quarter 3 per 2 science of baby morality is all about human natures best and worst. It is actually pre-y goal that babies and li-le kids can tell the di5erence between good from bad. I think with people with be-er morality, the world would be a be-er place. Many people believe in one thing and do something completely di5erent. I learned something new. Honestly, I thought babies’ brain was like a size of a peanut and did not know right from wrong. I knew they could sense when someone is a good person or bad person but I did not know about all of this.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay

Abstract This paper will explain Maslow’s triangle and its application to interpersonal communications. An explanation will be given how the interpersonal communications, based off of Maslow’s triangle, can be used as an interview and interrogation tool. Examples will be provided of a personal experience that directly relates to the vertical progression through Maslow’s triangle. When Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow’s triangle) is understood, it is easier to understand another person and have better more effective interpersonal communication. Maslow’s triangle is a set of needs that must be met and people are self-motivated to fulfil the needs. Maslow’s triangle can be used during interrogation and interview as a means to build trust a rapport. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be divided into two parts, basic needs and growth needs (McLeod, 2014). To elevate to a higher need, the needs at the current level must be satisfied. The basic needs are believed to be self-motivating and the longer they go unmet the greater the desire for them becomes. For instance the longer one goes without sleep then the more tired they become and soon the body will breakdown. The bottom of the triangle is physiological needs. These are the most basic needs for survival such as food, water, breathing, sex, sleep, homeostasis, and excretion. The next level is safety needs which consists of protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, and freedom from fear. Love and belongingness needs is the third rung and is comprised of friendship, intimacy, affection and love, from work group, family, friends, and romantic relationships. The final basic need is esteem needs which includes achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, and respect from  others. The top of the triangle, and the growth need, is self-actualization needs, made up of realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, and seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow believed that people have an inborn desire to be self-actualized (Cherry, n.d.). Self-actualization is when a person reaches their full potential. Understanding human needs can be a used persuade people as they are already self-motivated to fulfil their needs. This can be used by both preventing the obtainment of a current need or by providing a current need. In the later one can build rapport with the subject by providing the needs. This can further lead into security or love and belongingness where you as an interrogator or interviewer can be the stability or friendship need that is missing. By filling in the need you can passively be purvey to more information or even take a more aggressive quid pro quo stance. Furthermore you may even give an ultimatum that if the information you seek is not provided then the fulfilled need will be taken back leaving a deficiency. As this relates to my personal experiences and my progression through the hierarchy of needs, I am no different than anyone else and I must have fulfillment of one level before ascending to the next. I have been fortunate enough that air and water have always been present in my life. Sleep is sometimes lacking and can affect my health but on the whole a sufficient amount of sleep is met. Being that the lowest level needs have been generally fulfilled the next level is considered. Safety needs have generally been provided given that safety of employment was sufficient. While employed in the active duty military I had job security providing money that provided safety in resources. Safety in employment allowed the lower level item such as food to always be fulfilled as well as safety of property a need of the second tier. Employment allowed advancement into both the third and fourth levels as I was part of a family both in occupation and able to provide for one at home. I also had friendship within the employment and much respect both from self and others as well as a sense of achievement. This had much to do with the type of occupation being what it was (military). This all fed into a greater self-esteem and then into the top tier of the triangle, growth and self-actualization. The other side to  this is that when I was no longer in the active duty military and I lost the fulfilment of safety of employment I much of the fulfilment of other needs. I lost the steady monetary income and in direct correlation I lost safety of property as I was never sure if I would be able to make my house payment. Being able to provide for my family was always a question and this greatly reduced my self-respect and respect from family and relationship within the family dynamics. I was not sure if I would be able to always meet to need of food. My focus was fulfilling that unmet need, the need for safety of employment. At no time after I had a deficiency in level two of the triangle was I ever considering my self-actualization or full potential let alone even confidence or achievement from the level below that. When Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is understood, it is easier to understand another person and have better more effective interpersonal communication. The needs laid out in Maslow’s triangle can be used during interrogation and interview. They can be used as a means to build trust a rapport and or persuasion and coercion. References (n.d.). Retrieved from wikimedia,org: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs.svg Cherry, K. (n.d.). Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from About Education: http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/hierarchyneeds.htm McLeod, S. (2014). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Maslow’s Hierarchy. Retrieved from Changing Minds: http://changingminds.org/explanations/needs/maslow.htm

Reverse Racism In America by Dan Heffron, a short 6 page essay describing reverse racism in America Today. Gives examples and references.

Reverse Racism In America by Dan Heffron, a short 6 page essay describing reverse racism in America Today. Gives examples and references. Reverse Racism In AmericaDan HeffronThere is surely no nation in the world that holds "racism" in greater horror than does the United States. Compared to other kinds of offenses, it is thought to be somehow more reprehensible. The press and public have become so used to tales of murder, rape, robbery and arson, that any but the most spectacular crimes are shrugged off as part of the inevitable texture of American life. "Racism" is never shrugged off. For example, when a White Georgetown Law School student reported earlier this year that black students are not as qualified as white students, it set off a booming, national controversy about "racism." If the student had merely murdered someone he would have attracted far less attention and criticism.Racism is, indeed, the national obsession. Universities are on full alert for it, newspapers and politicians denounce it, churches preach against it, America is said to be racked with it, but just what is racism?Dictionaries are not much hel p in understanding what is meant by the word.W. E. B. Du Bois (1868 – 1963), co-founder of th...They usually define it as the belief that one's own ethnic stock is superior to others, or as the belief that culture and behavior are rooted in race. When Americans speak of racism they mean a great deal more than this. Nevertheless, the dictionary definition of racism is a clue to understanding what Americans do mean.The dogma has logical consequences that are profoundly important. If blacks, for example, are equal to whites in every way, what accounts for their poverty, criminality#, and dissipation? Since any theory of racial differences has been outlawed, the only possible explanation for black failure is white racism. And since blacks are markedly poor, crime-prone, and dissipated, America must be racked with pervasive racism. Nothing else could be keeping them...

The Battle of Chapultepec in the Mexican-American War

The Battle of Chapultepec in the Mexican-American War On Sept. 13, 1847, the American army assaulted the Mexican Military Academy, a fortress known as Chapultepec, which guarded the gates to Mexico City. Although the Mexicans inside fought valiantly, they were outgunned and outnumbered and were soon overrun. With Chapultepec under their control, the Americans were able to storm two of the city gates and by nightfall were in tentative control of Mexico City itself. Although the Americans captured Chapultepec, the battle is a source of great pride for Mexicans today, as young cadets fought bravely to defend the fortress. The Mexican-American War Mexico and the United States had gone to war in 1846. Among the causes of this conflict were Mexicos lingering anger over the loss of Texas and the US desire for Mexicos western lands, such as California, Arizona, and New Mexico. The Americans attacked from the north and from the east while sending a smaller army west to secure those territories they wanted. The eastern attack, under General Winfield Scott, landed on the Mexican coast in March of 1847. Scott made his way towards Mexico City, winning battles at Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, and Contreras. After the Battle of Churubusco on August 20, Scott agreed to an armistice which lasted until Sept. 7. The Battle of Molino del Rey After talks stalled and the armistice was broken, Scott decided to hit Mexico City from the west and take the Belà ©n and San Cosme gates into the city. These gates were protected by two strategic points: a fortified old mill named Molino del Rey and the fortress of Chapultepec, which was also Mexicos military academy. On September 8, Scott ordered General William Worth to take the mill. The Battle of Molino del Rey was bloody but short and ended with an American victory. At one point during the battle, after fighting off an American assault, Mexican soldiers crept out of the fortifications to kill American wounded: the Americans would remember this hateful act. Chapultepec Castle Scott now turned his attention to Chapultepec. He had to take the fortress in combat: it stood as a symbol of hope for the people of Mexico City, and Scott knew that his enemy would never negotiate a peace until he had defeated it. The castle itself was an imposing stone fortress set on the top of Chapultepec Hill, some 200 feet above the surrounding area. The fortress was relatively lightly defended: about 1,000 troops under the command of General Nicols Bravo, one of Mexicos better officers. Among the defenders were 200 cadets from the Military Academy who had refused to leave: some of them were as young as 13. Bravo had only about 13 cannons in the fortress, far too few for an effective defense. There was a gentle slope up the hill from Molino del Rey. Assault of Chapultepec The Americans shelled the fortress all day on September 12 with their deadly artillery. At dawn on the 13th, Scott sent two different parties to scale the walls and assault the castle: although resistance was stiff, these men managed to fight their way to the base of the walls of the castle itself. After a tense wait for scaling ladders, the Americans were able to scale the walls and take the fort in hand-to-hand fighting. The Americans, still angry over their murdered companions at Molino del Rey, showed no quarter, killing many wounded and surrendering Mexicans. Nearly everyone in the castle was killed or captured: General Bravo was among those taken prisoner. According to legend, six young cadets refused to surrender or retreat, fighting to the end: they have been immortalized as the Nià ±os Hà ©roes, or Hero Children in Mexico. One of them, Juan Escutia, even wrapped himself in the Mexican flag and leaped to his death from the walls, just so that the Americans would not be able to take it in battle. Although modern historians believe the tale of the Hero Children to be embellished, the fact is that the defenders fought valiantly. Death of the Saint Patricks A few miles away but in full view of Chapultepec, 30 members of the St. Patricks Battalion awaited their grim fate. The Battalion was composed mainly of deserters from the US army who had joined the Mexicans: most of them were Irish Catholics who felt that they should be fighting for Catholic Mexico instead of the USA. The Battalion had been crushed at the Battle of Churubusco on August 20: all of its members were dead, captured or scattered in and around Mexico City. Most of those that had been captured were tried and sentenced to death by hanging. 30 of them had been standing with nooses around their necks for hours. As the American flag was raised over Chapultepec, the men were hanged: it was meant to be the last thing they ever saw. The Gates of Mexico City With the fortress of Chapultepec in their hands, the Americans immediately attacked the city. Mexico City, once built over lakes, was accessed by a series of bridge-like causeways. The Americans assaulted the Belà ©n and San Cosme causeways as Chapultepec fell. Although resistance was fierce, both causeways were in American hands by the late afternoon. The Americans drove the Mexican forces back into the city: by nightfall, the Americans had gained enough ground to be able to bombard the heart of the city with mortar fire. Legacy of the Battle of Chapultepec On the night of the 13th, Mexican General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, in overall command of the Mexican forces, retreated from Mexico City with all available soldiers, leaving it in American hands. Santa Anna would make his way to Puebla, where he would unsuccessfully try to sever the American supply lines from the coast. Scott had been correct: with Chapultepec fallen and Santa Anna gone, Mexico City was well and truly in the hands of the invaders. Negotiations began between the American diplomat Nicholas Trist and what was left of the Mexican government. In February they agreed on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war and ceded vast tracts of Mexican land to the USA. By May the treaty had been ratified by both nations and was officially implemented. The Battle of Chapultepec is remembered by the U.S. Marine Corps as one of the first major battles in which the corps saw action. Although the marines had been around for years, Chapultepec was their highest-profile battle to date: the Marines were among those who had successfully stormed the castle. The marines remember the battle in their hymn, which begins with From the halls of Montezuma†¦ and in the blood stripe, the red stripe on the trousers of the marine dress uniform, which honors those who fell at the Battle of Chapultepec. Although their army was defeated by the Americans, the Battle of Chapultepec is a source of much pride for Mexicans. In particular, the Nià ±os Hà ©roes who bravely refused to surrender, has been honored with a memorial and statues, and many schools, streets, parks, etc. in Mexico are named for them.